This is really part of one of the biggest topics on Earth at this time and goes way beyond technology and minerals. Without writing an essay here, I just want to point out that all of the various forms of vehicle technologies currently in use have similar evil components in their supply chain. The oil industry has been involved with some of the worst atrocities in history, in numerous parts of the world. From Chevron destroying the Rainforests and local communities to the use of human trafficking and slavery to build Dubai from oil money, to the ongoing pollution generated by combustion engines - and on and on. Clearly EVs have their own set of problems that are comparable in some senses.
I think that the best solution is one that doesn't involve engines of any kind and that directs us back towards using our own internal energies.
That being said, I also think that EV production is the only driver for clearing up any of the problems involved atm. At least if you believe the claims of people like Elon Musk (it's possibly not wise to do that). It should ultimately be possible for consumer pressure to force manufacturers to pressure governments to solve the terrible abuses that are taking place in Africa and elsewhere.. but as always, this depends on governments not being corrupt and actually caring about other people (which seems to be a rarity). Though, we have had decades of the oil industry and from what I have seen, there hasn't been a huge amount of progress in solving the similar problems attached to the oil industry.
Also, non rechargeable batteries (alkaline) are made with Zinc and Manganese. Gabon & South Africa are among the world's largest mining locations for Manganese. I am no expert in the sourcing of battery materials, but I suspect that these are not 'clean' supply chains either. Non rechargeable batteries also pollute the land and we would use them in even more vast numbers than we already do without the use of rechargeable versions.
The complexity here is extensive. As is the case with all forms of violence and exploitation, the real answers need to come from within - including the transformation of souls on Earth, such that exploitation and abuses stop because those involved are wise enough. It is a tough challenge, but not too hard to do.