An allegory on Ruling, apparently. From a time when people believed unquestionably in stuff like this; looks like a bunch of naked fat kids to me.
It might be Michael, the archangel, with trumpets, and Judgment Day...
An era where men dressed, well, like, proper dandies
These dandies are Russian emperors or better to say German nobles who ruled Russia.
Most men were rather this
A washed version, but probably anyway covered with lice, lol.